🚨 Never stop Insulin in a patient with known or suspected Type 1 Diabetes without close observation and expert monitoring — interruption can rapidly precipitate life-threatening DKA (Diabetic Ketoacidosis).

📊 Basic Blood Glucose Ranges (UK & US Units)

Range Category	UK Units (mmol/L)	US Units (mg/dL)
✅ Normal (Fasting)	4.0 – 5.9	72 – 106
✅ Normal (After Meal)	4.0 – 7.8	72 – 140
⚠️ Pre-Diabetes (Fasting)	6.0 – 6.9	108 – 124
🩸 Diabetes (Fasting)	≥ 7.0	≥ 126
⬇️ Hypoglycaemia	< 4.0	< 72
🔴 Hyperglycaemia (Random Dx)	≥ 11.1	≥ 200
⚠️ High Hyperglycaemia	≥ 20	≥ 360
🚨 Severe Hyperglycaemia	≥ 30	≥ 540

🧪 Diagnostic Tests – UK (NICE) vs USA (ADA)

Diagnostic Test	UK Criteria (NICE)	USA Criteria (ADA)
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)	Diabetes: ≥ 7.0 mmol/L (≥ 126 mg/dL) Impaired fasting glucose: 6.1 – 6.9 mmol/L (110–125 mg/dL)	Diabetes: ≥ 126 mg/dL (≥ 7.0 mmol/L) Prediabetes: 100–125 mg/dL (5.6–6.9 mmol/L)
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT, 2h)	Diabetes: ≥ 11.1 mmol/L (≥ 200 mg/dL) Impaired glucose tolerance: 7.8 – 11.0 mmol/L (140–199 mg/dL)	Diabetes: ≥ 200 mg/dL (≥ 11.1 mmol/L) Prediabetes: 140–199 mg/dL (7.8–11.0 mmol/L)
HbA1c (Glycated Haemoglobin)	Diabetes: ≥ 48 mmol/mol (≥ 6.5%) Increased risk: 42–47 mmol/mol (6.0–6.4%)	Diabetes: ≥ 6.5% Prediabetes: 5.7–6.4%
Random Plasma Glucose	≥ 11.1 mmol/L (≥ 200 mg/dL) with symptoms	≥ 200 mg/dL (≥ 11.1 mmol/L) with symptoms

📌 Diabetes – Key Definition

Diabetes = persistent hyperglycaemia with risk of microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy) and macrovascular (MI, stroke, PAD) complications.
Normal FPG: < 6.1 mmol/L [110 mg/dL] and 2h OGTT < 7.8 mmol/L [140 mg/dL].

🌍 International Diagnostic Definitions

Symptoms + random glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) ✅
Fasting glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) ✅
OGTT 2h glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) ✅
HbA1c ≥ 48 mmol/mol (6.5%) ✅

⚠️ Prediabetes

FPG: 6.1–6.9 mmol/L (110–125 mg/dL, UK definition).
OGTT 2h: 7.8–11.0 mmol/L (140–199 mg/dL).
HbA1c (UK NICE): 42–47 mmol/mol (6.0–6.4%).
HbA1c (USA ADA): 39–46 mmol/mol (5.7–6.4%).

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Diabetes: Criteria US and UK

📊 Basic Blood Glucose Ranges (UK & US Units)

🧪 Diagnostic Tests – UK (NICE) vs USA (ADA)

📌 Diabetes – Key Definition

🌍 International Diagnostic Definitions

⚠️ Prediabetes

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