Makindo Medical Notes

🚨 Never stop Insulin in a patient with known or suspected Type 1 Diabetes without close observation and expert monitoring — interruption can rapidly precipitate life-threatening DKA (Diabetic Ketoacidosis).

📊 Basic Blood Glucose Ranges (UK & US Units)

🧪 Diagnostic Tests – UK (NICE) vs USA (ADA)

📌 Diabetes – Key Definition

• Diabetes = persistent hyperglycaemia with risk of microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy) and macrovascular (MI, stroke, PAD) complications.
• Normal FPG: < 6.1 mmol/L [110 mg/dL] and 2h OGTT < 7.8 mmol/L [140 mg/dL].

🌍 International Diagnostic Definitions

• Symptoms + random glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) ✅
• Fasting glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) ✅
• OGTT 2h glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) ✅
• HbA1c ≥ 48 mmol/mol (6.5%) ✅

⚠️ Prediabetes

• FPG: 6.1–6.9 mmol/L (110–125 mg/dL, UK definition).
• OGTT 2h: 7.8–11.0 mmol/L (140–199 mg/dL).
• HbA1c (UK NICE): 42–47 mmol/mol (6.0–6.4%).
• HbA1c (USA ADA): 39–46 mmol/mol (5.7–6.4%).