Makindo Medical Notes"One small step for man, one large step for Makindo" |
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Related Subjects: |Neurological History taking |Causes of Stroke |Acute Stroke Assessment (ROSIER&NIHSS) |Atrial Fibrillation |Atrial Myxoma |Causes of Stroke |Ischaemic Stroke |Cancer and Stroke |Cerebral Arterial Perfusion and Clinical Correlates |Anterior circulation Brain |Posterior circulation Brain |Acute Stroke Assessment (ROSIER&NIHSS)
Mechanism | Causal Factor | Associated Tumors | Stroke Characteristics |
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Hypercoagulability | Adenocarcinomas, tumour secretion of mucin, coagulation activation | Adenocarcinomas of breast, lung, prostate, brain, kidney, hematologic malignancies | Embolic infarcts, end-artery involvement |
Venous-to-arterial embolism | Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) or right-to-left shunt | Likely associated with hypercoagulable tumours | Embolic appearance |
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis | Sterile vegetations on aortic/mitral valves | Adenocarcinoma most common | Multiple, widespread strokes |
Direct tumour compression | Compression of major intracranial vessels | Glioblastoma, brain metastases | Large vessel strokes, MCA territory common |
Tumor embolism | Embolization of malignant cells | Atrial or aortic valve myxoma, cardiac metastasis | Embolic pattern |
Hyperviscosity | Blood thickening, small vessel blockage | Polycythemia vera, multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom’s | Small vessel strokes |
Angioinvasive/infiltrative | Invasion of vessel wall by tumour cells | B-cell lymphoma | Multiple vascular territory infarcts |
Post-radiation vasculopathy | Vascular damage post-radiotherapy | Squamous cell carcinoma, head and neck tumours | Embolic strokes from carotid arteries |
Chemotherapy-associated | Unknown mechanism | Associated with agents like cisplatin, methotrexate | Varied stroke presentations |