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Propionibacterium
ℹ️ About
- Propionibacterium species are non-spore-forming anaerobic gram-positive bacilli that play a role in normal skin flora but can become opportunistic pathogens.
- They are primarily known for producing propionic acid as a byproduct of glucose metabolism.
- These bacteria are involved in systemic infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals or when medical devices such as catheters or prosthetics are used.
Characteristics
- Non-spore-forming, anaerobic, gram-positive bacilli.
- Produce propionic acid as a major end-product from glucose fermentation.
- Can cause opportunistic systemic infections in immunocompromised patients.
Types
- Propionibacterium acnes: The most well-known species, commonly associated with acne vulgaris but also implicated in other infections like post-surgical wound infections.
- Propionibacterium granulosum: A less common species, also part of the normal skin flora, but can cause infections under certain conditions.
Source
- Found on human skin, particularly in sebaceous glands, and also in the gastrointestinal tract.
- Propionibacterium species are part of the normal flora but can become pathogenic under certain conditions.
Pathogenicity
- Acne vulgaris: *Propionibacterium acnes* is involved in the inflammation of sebaceous glands, leading to acne lesions.
- Infections of Medical Devices: Can cause biofilm formation on catheters, prosthetics, and surgical implants, leading to infections.
- Systemic Infections: Rare but can occur in immunocompromised patients or following surgery.
Antibiotic Sensitivity
- Propionibacterium species are generally sensitive to a wide range of antibiotics, including:
- Clindamycin
- Tetracyclines (e.g., doxycycline)
- Macrolides (e.g., erythromycin)
- Penicillins
Antibiotic Resistance
- Resistance to certain antibiotics, particularly metronidazole, is noted in some strains, which limits treatment options.
💊 Management
- For the management of acne vulgaris caused by *Propionibacterium acnes*, refer to specific acne treatment protocols, including the use of topical and oral antibiotics, retinoids, and other therapeutic measures.
- In cases of device-associated infections, removal of the infected device may be necessary along with prolonged antibiotic therapy.
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