🦾 Nerve	🧩 Roots	⚙️ Mechanism / Common Causes	🩺 Key Findings
Axillary	C5–C6	Shoulder dislocation, humeral neck fracture, trauma	❌ Sensation outer shoulder; weak deltoid/teres minor → impaired abduction (30–90°)
Suprascapular	C5–C6	Shoulder trauma, entrapment at suprascapular notch, overhead activity	⬇️ Supraspinatus (abduction start) & infraspinatus (external rotation)
Long Thoracic	C5–C7	Heavy lifting, mastectomy, axillary surgery	🪽 Winged scapula; weak serratus anterior; difficulty pushing/elevating arm
Radial	C5–T1	Humeral shaft fracture, crutch palsy, axilla compression	✋ Wrist drop; weak grip; sensory loss dorsum hand/posterior arm
Median	C5–T1	Carpal tunnel, wrist laceration, supracondylar fracture	🐒 “Ape hand”; loss of thumb opposition; lateral 3½ finger sensory loss; cannot make “OK” sign
Ulnar	C8–T1	Medial epicondyle fracture, cubital tunnel, Guyon’s canal compression	🦀 “Claw hand”; weak interossei (finger ab/adduction); sensory loss medial 1½ fingers
Femoral	L2–L4	Pelvic fracture, hip surgery, lithotomy position	🦵 Weak hip flexion/knee extension; ↓ patellar reflex; sensory loss anterior thigh & medial leg
Sciatic	L4–S3	Hip dislocation, pelvic trauma, prolonged compression	🦿 Weak knee flexion & all movements below knee; sensory loss posterior thigh/leg/foot; foot drop if peroneal branch affected
Common Peroneal	L4–S2	Fibular head fracture, leg crossing, squatting	👣 Foot drop; weak dorsiflexion/eversion; sensory loss dorsum foot & lateral shin
Tibial	L4–S3	Knee or ankle trauma, tarsal tunnel compression	🦶 Weak plantarflexion, inversion, toe flexion; sensory loss sole of foot
Obturator	L2–L4	Pelvic trauma or surgery	🚶 Weak thigh adduction; sensory loss medial thigh; difficulty crossing legs

👧 Peripheral Nerve Injuries in Children

🍼 Brachial Plexus injury (Erb’s/Klumpke’s): Birth trauma → arm weakness or claw hand.
🦾 Radial Nerve Palsy: Humeral fracture or axillary compression.
🤚 Ulnar Nerve Palsy: Elbow injury causing claw hand.
🙂 Facial Nerve Palsy: Congenital, trauma, or infection.
👣 Foot Drop: Common peroneal nerve injury after immobilisation or trauma.

🩹 Management Principles (Children & Adults)

🔍 Early recognition and neurophysiological assessment.
💪 Physiotherapy to preserve joint movement and prevent contractures.
🦾 Splinting/orthoses to support weak muscles and function.
🔧 Surgical repair or tendon transfer in severe or persistent palsy.
🤝 Multidisciplinary care - orthopaedics, neurology, and rehabilitation.

✅ Summary

Peripheral nerve injuries require anatomical understanding + early intervention. With timely therapy, many patients (especially children) regain excellent function. 🌟

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Peripheral Nerve Palsies

🧠 Peripheral Nerve Injuries – Quick Reference Table

👧 Peripheral Nerve Injuries in Children

🩹 Management Principles (Children & Adults)

✅ Summary

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