| Iron Deficiency Anaemia 🪨🍏 |
- Pallor, fatigue, irritability 😩
- Poor feeding or growth delay in infants 📉
- Pica (craving dirt/ice) in severe cases 🧊
|
- CBC: microcytic, hypochromic anaemia
- Ferritin & iron: ↓
- TIBC: ↑
|
- Oral iron (ferrous sulfate) 💊
- Iron-rich diet (red meat, greens, fortified cereals) 🥩🥬
- Monitor response with repeat CBC & ferritin
|
| Megaloblastic Anaemia (Folate or B12 Deficiency) 🍊🥚 |
- Pallor, lethargy, irritability 😴
- Glossitis (smooth red tongue) 👅
- Neurological features in B12 deficiency: poor coordination, developmental delay 🧠
|
- CBC: macrocytic anaemia (↑ MCV)
- Serum folate & B12: ↓
- Smear: hypersegmented neutrophils 🔬
|
- Folic acid supplements for folate deficiency
- B12 injections/oral for deficiency 💉
- Address malabsorption or dietary cause
|
| Haemolytic Anaemia (e.g. Sickle Cell, Thalassaemia) 🩸🧬 |
- Chronic anaemia + jaundice 🌕
- Sickle crises: severe pain 😖
- Splenomegaly, growth delay
|
- CBC: normocytic/microcytic
- Reticulocytes: ↑
- Hb electrophoresis: diagnostic ⚡
- Smear: sickled cells / target cells
|
- Folic acid supplementation 🍀
- Pain relief + hydration in crises 💧
- Blood transfusions if severe
- Hydroxyurea in sickle cell (↓ crises)
|
| Anaemia of Chronic Disease 🏥 |
- Pallor, fatigue, poor growth
- Associated with chronic infection, inflammation, or CKD
|
- CBC: normocytic / mild microcytosis
- Ferritin: normal/high
- Serum iron & TIBC: ↓
|
- Treat underlying condition 🩺
- Iron usually ineffective unless co-deficient
- ESAs in CKD-related anaemia 💉
|
| Aplastic Anaemia 🦴 |
- Pallor, lethargy
- Frequent infections 🤒
- Easy bruising/bleeding (pancytopenia)
|
- CBC: pancytopenia
- Bone marrow biopsy: hypocellular marrow 🧫
|
- Supportive: transfusions, antibiotics
- Immunosuppressive therapy in some cases
- Bone marrow transplant in severe cases 🌱
|
