| Wilms Tumour (Nephroblastoma) 🫘 |
- Painless, firm abdominal mass (does NOT cross midline)
- Hematuria in some cases 🩸
- Hypertension 📈
- Peak age: 2–5 years
|
- Abdominal ultrasound
- CT/MRI abdomen
- Chest X-ray/CT for lung mets
- Histopathology (after resection)
|
- Nephrectomy 🩻
- Chemotherapy ± radiotherapy
- Long-term follow-up
|
| Neuroblastoma 🌌 |
- Abdominal mass often crosses midline
- Systemic: fever, weight loss ⚖️
- Periorbital ecchymosis ("raccoon eyes") 🦝
- Paraneoplastic: diarrhoea, hypertension
|
- Ultrasound, CT/MRI
- Urine catecholamines ↑ (VMA, HVA)
- Biopsy for diagnosis
|
- Surgery + chemo ± radiotherapy
- Bone marrow transplant in high-risk
|
| Hydronephrosis 💧 |
- Flank swelling/mass
- Recurrent UTIs 🚽
- Abdominal pain/discomfort
|
- Renal ultrasound
- Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)
- Renal function tests
|
- Treat obstruction cause
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for UTI
- Surgery (e.g. pyeloplasty) if indicated
|
| Mesenteric Lymphadenitis 🦠 |
- Fever + abdominal pain
- Tender mass (often mimics appendicitis)
- Often after viral/bacterial infection
|
- Ultrasound abdomen
- CBC, CRP
|
- Supportive (fluids, analgesia)
- Antibiotics if bacterial confirmed
|
| Ovarian Cyst (adolescents) 🥚 |
- Lower abdo/pelvic pain
- Palpable mass/fullness
- Acute torsion → severe pain ⚡
|
- Pelvic ultrasound
- Hormone levels, pregnancy test
- MRI if malignancy suspected
|
- Observe small/asymptomatic cysts 👀
- Surgical removal if large, symptomatic, or torsion suspected
|
| Intussusception 🔄 |
- Intermittent colicky pain 😖
- Sausage-shaped abdominal mass 🌭
- “Red currant jelly” stool 🍓
- Vomiting + lethargy
|
- Ultrasound → “target sign” 🎯
- Air/contrast enema (diagnostic & therapeutic)
|
- Non-surgical reduction (air/contrast enema)
- Surgery if reduction fails or perforation suspected
|
