| Measles (Rubeola) 🤒 |
- Fever + cough, coryza, conjunctivitis (“3 C’s”) 👁️👃😮💨
- Maculopapular rash starting on the face → spreads downwards ↘️
- Koplik spots inside the mouth 🪥
|
- Clinical diagnosis
- Measles IgM or PCR confirmation
|
- Supportive (fluids, antipyretics)
- Vitamin A supplementation
- Isolation to prevent spread
|
| Chickenpox (Varicella) 🐔✨ |
- Fever, malaise + itchy vesicular rash 🪱
- Rash evolves: macule → papule → vesicle → crust 🍂
- Lesions in crops, trunk > limbs
|
- Clinical diagnosis
- VZV PCR/serology if uncertain
|
- Supportive (calamine, antihistamines)
- Acyclovir in severe/high-risk
- Isolation until all lesions crust
|
| Hand, Foot & Mouth Disease ✋🦶👄 |
- Fever + painful mouth ulcers 🍽️
- Vesicular rash on hands, feet, buttocks
- Common <5 yrs
|
- Clinical diagnosis
- PCR if uncertain
|
- Supportive (fluids, pain relief)
- Watch hydration 💧
|
| Scarlet Fever 🌹 |
- Fever + sore throat
- Sandpaper-like rash starting on trunk
- “Strawberry tongue” 🍓 + circumoral pallor
|
- Rapid strep test / throat swab (Group A Strep)
|
- Penicillin/amoxicillin 💊
- Supportive for fever/throat pain
|
| Kawasaki Disease ❤️🔥 |
- Fever ≥ 5 days
- Rash + conjunctivitis + strawberry tongue 🍓
- Swollen/red hands & feet 👣
- Cervical lymphadenopathy
|
- Clinical diagnosis
- Echocardiogram (coronary aneurysms) 🫀
|
- IVIG + aspirin
- Monitor coronaries long-term
|
| Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease) 👋 |
- Mild fever + “slapped cheek” rash 🤚😳
- Lacy reticular rash on body
- Caused by Parvovirus B19
|
- Clinical diagnosis
- Parvovirus B19 IgM or PCR if uncertain
|
- Supportive
- Avoid exposure in pregnancy 🤰 (risk of hydrops fetalis)
|
| Allergic Urticaria 🌸 |
- Raised, red, itchy wheals (hives) 🌊
- Often migratory, transient
- May be associated with angioedema 😯
|
- Clinical diagnosis
- Allergy testing if recurrent/uncertain
|
- Antihistamines ✅
- Avoid trigger 🚫
- Corticosteroids if severe
- Anaphylaxis → IM Epinephrine 💉
|
