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Anatomy of the Cervical Spine Vertebrae C1 (Atlas) and C2 (Axis)
C1 - Atlas
- Structure : C1, known as the atlas, is the first cervical vertebra. It is ring-shaped and uniquely designed to support the skull.
- Key Features :
- Anterior Arch : Forms the front portion, about one-fifth of the ring. It has an articular facet for the dens of C2, creating a pivot joint.
- Posterior Arch : Covers the back portion, around two-fifths of the ring. It lacks a spinous process but has a small posterior tubercle.
- Lateral Masses : Positioned on each side, these structures bear the weight of the skull. Each lateral mass has a superior articular facet that articulates with the occipital condyles, enabling nodding and flexion-extension movements.
C2 - Axis
- Structure : C2, or the axis, is the second cervical vertebra. It serves as a pivot that allows the head and atlas to rotate.
- Key Features :
- Dens (Odontoid Process) : A peg-like projection that extends upward from the body of C2. It fits into the anterior arch of C1, creating the atlanto-axial joint, which allows for rotational movement.
- Superior Articular Facets : Located on either side of the dens, they articulate with the inferior articular facets of C1, supporting head rotation.
- Spinous Process : The first prominent spinous process in the cervical spine, often palpable at the base of the neck.
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