@About this App @Contributers @Developer ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone)AFP (Alpha-fetoprotein) Testing AIDS Dementia Complex (HIV)AIDS HIV Infection APGAR Scoring (Children)APTT and Coagulation Abacavir Abatacept Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS)Abciximab Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Abdominal paracentesis for ascites Abducent Nerve Abetalipoproteinaemia Abnormal Vaginal bleeding Acamprosate Acanthocytosis Acanthosis Nigricans Acarbose Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm Acetazolamide Acetylcholine Receptor Antibodies Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors Achalasia Achilles Tendon rupture Achondroplasia (Children)Aciclovir Acid maltase deficiency (Pompe disease)Acne Rosacea Acne Vulgaris Acoustic Neuroma (Schwannoma)Acrodermatitis enteropathica (Children)Acromegaly and Giantism Acromio-clavicular joint Actinomyces israeli Action Potential Activated Charcoal Actrapid (Insulin)Acute Abdominal Pain - Acute Peritonitis Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis Acute Anaphylactoid Reactions Acute Anaphylaxis Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma Acute Appendicitis Acute Bacterial Meningitis Acute Bronchitis Acute Cholangitis Acute Cholecystitis Acute Colonic Pseudo-obstruction Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) General Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) NSTEMI USA Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) STEMI Acute Coronary Syndrome (Cardiac Troponins)Acute Coronary Syndrome Grace score Acute Delirium Acute Disc lesions Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Acute Diverticulitis - Diverticular disease Acute Dystonic Reaction Acute Encephalitis Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia Acute Epiglottitis Acute Exacerbation of COPD Acute Hepatitis Acute Hydrocephalus Acute Hypotension Acute Inflammation Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP)Acute Interstitial nephritis Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)Acute Limb Ischaemia Acute Liver Failure Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL)Acute Mastoiditis Acute Monoarthritis Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML)Acute Myocarditis Acute Pancreatitis Acute Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Acute Pericarditis Acute Phase reactants Acute Porphyrias Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Adults)Acute Retroviral Syndrome (HIV)Acute Rhabdomyolysis Acute Rheumatic fever Acute Rotator cuff tear Acute Severe Asthma Acute Severe Colitis Acute Sinusitis Acute Stroke Assessment (ROSIER&NIHSS)Acute Tonsilitis Acute Urinary Retention Acute and Chronic Gout Acute and Chronic Heart Failure Acute on Chronic Liver Disease Decompensation Acutely Ill Patient Adalimumab Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACER)Addison Disease (Adrenal Insufficiency)Adefovir Adenosine Adenosine deaminase deficiency Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)Adjustment - Anxiety disorders Adrenal Antibodies Adrenal Physiology Adrenaline (Epinephrine)Adrenoleukodystrophy Adrenomyeloneuropathy Adult Onset Still's Disease African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping sickness)Age related macular degeneration Aicardi syndrome Air Embolism Albumin Albumin-Protein Creatinine Ratio (PCR)Alcohol Abuse Alcohol Withdrawal (Delirium Tremens)Alcoholic (Steato)Hepatitis Alcoholic Ketoacidosis Aldosterone Physiology Alendronate (Alendronic acid)Alfacalcidol Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)Alkalinisation of urine Alkaptonuria Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis Allogeneic stem cell transplantation Allopurinol Alogliptin (Vipidia)Alopecia Alpha Fetoprotein Alpha Thalassaemia Alpha subunit (ASU) of TSH Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency Alport's Syndrome Alteplase Altitude sickness Aluminium and Magnesium Antacids Alveolar Gas Equation Alzheimer disease (Dementia)Amantadine Amenorrhoea American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease)Amiloride Amino acids Aminoglycosides Aminophylline Aminosalicylates Amiodarone Amiodarone and Thyroid disease Amitriptyline Amlodipine Ammonia Encephalopathy Amnestic syndromes Amoebiasis (Entamoeba histolytica)Amoxicillin Amphetamine toxicity Amphotericin B Ampicillin Anaemia of Chronic Disease Anagrelide Anakinra Anal Cancer Andexanet alfa Androgen insensitivity syndrome Aneurysms Angina bullosa haemorrhagica Angiodysplasia Angiomyolipoma Angioneurotic Oedema Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Angiotensin Converting enzyme (ACE)Angular Stomatitis - Cheilitis Anion Gap Ankle and Foot fractures and Injuries Ankle-Brachial pressure Index (ABPI)Ankylosing spondylitis Anorexia Nervosa Antacid medication Antepartum haemorrhage Anterior Horn Cell diseases Anterior circulation Anti Dementia Drugs Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide (CCP) Antibody Anti-D immunoglobulin Anti-Hu antibodies Anti-OKT3 antibodies Anti-RNP Antibody Anti-Yo antibodies Anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)Antibiotics for Abdominal Infections Anticholinergic Burden Anticholinergic syndrome Anticipation Anticoagulation and Antithrombotics Antidiuretic hormone (Vasopressin)Antigen presenting cells Antimicrobial Choices Antimuscarinic drugs Antiphospholipid syndrome Antithrombin III deficiency (AT3)Aorta anatomy Aortic Dissection Aortic Regurgitation (Incompetence)Aortic Sclerosis Aortic Stenosis Aortoenteric fistula Apathetic thyrotoxicosis Apixaban Aplastic anaemia Apomorphine Appendix Cancer Tumours Approach to Assessing Sick Child Approach to child with Acute Gastroenteritis Approach to child with respiratory Distress Arnold Chiari malformation Arrhythmogenic Right ventricular Cardiomyopathy Artemisinins Arterial Blood gas analysis Arterial Pulse assessment Arterial blood gas sampling Arterial vs Venous vs Other Leg Ulcers Arteriovenous malformations Artery of Percheron stroke Artery-to-artery embolic stroke Artesunate Asbestos Related Lung disease Ascites Assessment and Management Aspergilloma Aspergillus fumigatus Aspirin Aspirin Salicylates toxicity Assessing Abdominal Pain Assessing Breathlessness Assessing Chest Pain Assessing Falls Asteatotic eczema Asthma Astigmatism Astrocytomas Asystole Ataxia Telangiectasia Atazanavir Atenolol Atherosclerosis Atopic Eczema or Atopic Dermatitis Atorvastatin Atracurium Atrial Ectopic beats Atrial Fibrillation (Chemical cardioversion)Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)Atrial fibrillation (AF)Atrial flutter Atrial myxoma Atrial septal defect (ASD)Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia Atropine Sulfate Autoantibodies Autoimmune Haemolytic anaemia (AIHA)Autoimmune Hepatitis Autonomic neuropathy Autosomal Dominant Autosomal Dominant Polycystic kidney disease Autosomal Recessive Azathioprine Azithromycin B lymphocytes BRCA genes (Familial Breast Cancer)Bacillus anthracis Bacillus cereus poisoning Backpain / Backache Baclofen Bacteria Bacteroides fragilis Balanitis (Adults)Balanitis (Children)Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN)Balsalazide (Aminosalicylate)Barrett's oesophagus Bartonella Bartters syndrome Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)Basic Fracture management Basilar artery thrombosis Becker Muscular dystrophy Beclometasone Beer Potomania Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia Behcet's syndrome Bell's palsy Bendroflumethiazide (Bendrofluazide)Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis Benzodiazepine Toxicity Benzodiazepines Benzylpenicillin Sodium (Penicillin G)Berg Balance Scale Beriplex Berylliosis Beta Agonists Beta Blocker toxicity Beta Thalassaemia Beta-2 Microglobulin Beta-lactamases Betahistine (Serc)Bezafibrate Biceps rupture Bilateral adrenalectomy Biliary atresia Bilirubin Biochemical Lab values Bisacodyl Bisoprolol Bisphosphonates Bladder Cancer Bladder Stones Bleeding Bleeding disorders Bleeding due to Drugs Bleomycin Blindness - global causes Blood products - Packed cells blood transfusion Blood Products - Cryoprecipitate Blood Products - Fresh Frozen Plasma Blood Products - Platelets Blood film interpretation Blood gas values Bloody Diarrhoea Blotting Techniques: Gel Electrophoresis Bone Marrow Transplantation Bone disease Lab results Bone metabolism RANK RANKL OPG pathway Bone scintigraphy (Bone scan)Bordetella pertussis - Whooping cough Borrelia burgdorferi Borrelia recurrentis Botulism Brachial neuritis (neuralgic amyotrophy)Brachial plexus anatomy Brachial plexus and associated injury Brain Abscess Brain Anatomy and function Brain MRI Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)Brain Physiology Brain Tumours (Cancer)Brainstem anatomy Branchial cleft cyst Breast Cancer Breast Fibroadenoma Bretylium Broad complex Tachycardia Bromocriptine Bronchial adenoma Bronchiectasis Bronchiolitis Bronchoscopy Brown-Sequard syndrome Brucella Brugada syndrome Budd-Chiari syndrome Budesonide Buerger disease (Thromboangiitis obliterans )Bulbar vs Pseudobulbar palsy Bulimia Nervosa Bullous Pemphigoid Bumetanide Bunions Buprenorphine Bupropion Burkholderia cepacia Burkitt's lymphoma Burns Busulphan (Busulfan)Byssinosis C reactive protein (CRP)CADASIL CARASIL CHADS2 - CHA2DS2-VASc score CMV retinitis CNS fungal Infections CNS infections CSF Rhinorrhoea CT Head Basics (Stroke)CT Pulmonary angiogram (CTPA)CT imaging basics for Stroke CURB 65 score Cabergoline Caecal Volvulus Caisson Disease - Decompression sickness Calcitonin Calcitriol (1,25 Dihydroxycholecalciferol)Calcium Chloride or Gluconate Calcium Physiology Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition (Pseudogout)Calcium Resonium Calcium channel blockers toxicity Calot's triangle Campylobacter Cancer of Unknown Primar Candesartan Candidiasis Cannabis toxicity Capecitabine Capnocytophaga canimorsus Capnography Capreomycin Captopri Carbamazepine Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae Carbimazole Carbon monoxide poisoning Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)Carcinoid Heart Disease Carcinoid Tumour Syndrome Carcinoma of the Bile Duct Carcinoma of the Gallbladder Cardiac Amyloid heart disease Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology Cardiac Catheter ablation Cardiac Infections Cardiac MRI Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy (CRT) Pacemaker Cardiac Valve replacement Cardioembolic stroke Cardiogenic Pulmonary Oedema Cardiogenic shock Cardiology - History Taking Cardiology Exam List Cardiology Examination Cardiology Valves Summary Cardiopulmonary bypass Carmustine Carotid Artery anatomy Carotid Body Tumour Carotid Endarterectomy Carotid Sinus Syncope Carotid Stenting Carotid artery Dissection Carotid sinus massage Carpal tunnel syndrome Carvedilol Case 01 Sudden weakness Case 02 Loss of speech Case 03 Adult male weak legs Case 04 High calcium Case 05 High Potassium and heart failure Case 06 High calcium and weight loss Case 07 Weak eyes Case 08 Weak face Case 09 A cause of Delirium Case 10 Older patient presenting post stroke Case 11 Young patient with acute headache Case 20 Young patient with acute headache Case 21 Hypoglycaemia Case 22 Case 23 Old man with tremor Case 24 Cancer and weak Case 99 (Acute breathlessness)Case Template Cat Scratch Disease Cataract Catheter Related Urinary Tract infection UTI Catheter related Blood stream infection Catheter related UTI Cauda equina syndrome Caudate Nucleus Causes of Airway Obstruction Causes of Avascular Necrosis of Femoral head Causes of Sore throat Causes of Weakness Cavernous angiomas (Cavernomas)Cavernous sinus Cavernous sinus thrombosis Cefaclor Cefalexin Cefotaxime Ceftazidime Ceftriaxone Cefuroxime Celecoxib Cell Response to Injury Cellular Anatomy and Physiology Cellulitis Central Cord Syndrome Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)Central Retinal artery Occlusion (CRAO)Central Venous line Insertion Central pontine myelinolysis Cephalosporins Cerebellar Anatomy Physiology Signs Disease Cerebellar Haemorrhage Cerebellar Stroke Cerebral Amyloid angiopathy (CAA)Cerebral Aneurysms Cerebral Angiitis Cerebral Atrophy vs Hydrocephalus Cerebral Cortex Cerebral Metastases Cerebral Palsy Cerebral Perfusion Cerebral Salt Wasting Cerebral Venous Sinus thrombosis Cerebral arteritis Cerebral microbleeds Cervical Cancer screening Cervical Spine injury Cervical cancer Cervical spondylosis Cetirizine Chancroid Charcot Foot Syndrome (CFS)Charcot Marie Tooth (CMT) disease Chediak Higashi syndrome Chest Abdomen anatomy Chest X Ray #1 Chest X Ray Interpretation Chest drain Insertion Chlamydia - Chlamydophila pneumoniae Chlamydia psittaci Chlamydia trachomatis Chlorambucil Chloramphenicol Chlordiazepoxide Chloroquine Chlorphenamine(Chlorpheniramine)Chlorpromazine Cholangiocarcinoma Cholera (Vibrio cholera)Cholestatic Jaundice Cholesteatoma Cholesterol - Lipids Cholinergic crisis-syndrome Chondrocalcinosis Chorea - Ballismus Choreoacanthocytosis Chromosome instability syndromes Chronic Bronchitis Chronic Hepatitis Chronic Inflammation Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating polyneuropathy Chronic Interstitial Nephritis Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)Chronic Lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML)Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)Chronic Pancreatitis Chronic Peritonitis Chronic Radiation Enteritis Chronic Urinary Retention Chronic Vision Uni-Bilateral loss (Blindness)Chronic and recurrent Meningitis Chronic liver disease Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis Chronic stable angina Chylomicrons Ciclosporin Cimetidine Cinacalcet Ciprofloxacin Cirrhosis Cisplatin Citalopram Cladribine Clarithromycin Cleft lip or palate Clindamycin Clopidogrel Clostridium botulinum Clostridium difficile Clostridium perfringens Clostridium tetani - Tetanus Clotrimazole cream Clotting pathways Clozapine Co Careldopa (Sinemet)Co-Amoxiclav (Augmentin)Co-Beneldopa (Madopar)Co-codamol Co-trimoxazole Coagulopathy Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA aortopathy)Cocaine abuse Cocaine induced chest pain Cocaine toxicity Coccidioidomycosis Codeine Coeliac disease Cogan Syndrome Colchicine Cold Agglutinin Disease (CAD/AIHA)Collagen Colloid cyst in the third ventricle Colloids Colonic (Large bowel) Obstruction Colonoscopy Colorectal cancer Colorectal polyps Colposcopy Coma management Combined Oral contraceptive pill (COCP)Common Peroneal Nerve (CPN)Common variable immunodeficiency Comparing Rheumatoid and Osteoarthritis Complement Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA)Confirming Death Congenital Acyanotic Heart Disease (Children)Congenital Adrenal hyperplasia Congenital Complete Heart Block Congenital Cyanotic Heart Disease (Children)Congenital Hypothyroidism Congenital Talipes Equinovarus - Clubfoot Constipation Constrictive Pericarditis Contact allergic dermatitis Continuous Positive Airways Pressure (CPAP)Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis Contraception Conus Medullaris syndrome Cor Pulmonale Coronary artery bypass graft surgery Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID 19 Corticobasal degeneration (Dementia)Corticosteroid-related psychosis Corticosteroids Corynebacterium diphtheriae Cotard delusion Coxiella Burnetii Cranial nerves and examination Craniopharyngioma Creatinine Clearance Cremation forms (UK)Creutzfeldt Jakob disease (Dementia)Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever Critical illness neuromuscular weakness Crohn's disease Croup Cryptococcus neoformans infections Cryptogenic Fibrosing Alveolitis Cryptogenic Organising Pneumonia (COP-BOOP)Cryptosporidiosis Crysal arthritis Crystalloids Cushing disease Cushing syndrome Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Cyanide toxicity Cyanosis - Central and Peripheral Cyclizine Cyclo-oxygenase (COX) enzymes Cyclophosphamide Cycloserine Cys leukotriene receptor antagonists Cystic Fibrosis Cystinosis Cystinuria Cytokines Cytomegalovirus infections D Dimer DNA and RNA short notes DNA replication Dabigatran Dalteparin Dandy Walker syndrome Dantrolene Dapagliflozin Darier's Disease Darunavir DeQuervain's thyroiditis Death Certificates (UK)Deep brain stimulation Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)Dehydration Physiology Delayed Puberty Criteria Demeclocycline Dementia with Lewy bodies Dementias Demyelinating Diseases Dengue Fever Denosumab (Prolia)Dental Anatomy Dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy Depression Dermatitis Herpetiformis Dermatology terms Dermatomes Dermatomyositis Dermoid cysts Desferrioxamine Desmopressin (DDAVP)Desogestrel (Progestogen Only Pill)Developmental Dislocation (Dysplasia) of the Hip Developmental Milestones Dexamethasone DiGeorge syndrome (thymic aplasia)Diabetes Insipidus (Cranial and Nephrogenic)Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 and DKA (children)Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in pregnancy Diabetes on the ward Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy (DAN)Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Adults Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) with SGLT2 Inhibitors Diabetic Nephropathy Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetic amyotrophy Diabetic foot Diamond-Blackfan anaemia Diamorphine Diaphragmatic disorders Diarrhoea Diazepam Didanosine (ddI)Diethylstilbestrol Differentials causes of Foot Drop Differentials of ABC Differentials of Generalised lymphadenopathy Differentials of Painful thigh Differentials of XXX Diffuse Oesophageal spasm Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma Diffusion Capacity Digoxin Digoxin Toxicity Dihydrocodeine Dilated cardiomyopathy Diltiazem Diphtheria Dipyridamole Discharges against advice Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)Disease template Diseases with associated cancers Dislocation Sternoclaivcular joint Disopyramide Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)Distributive Shock Disulfiram (Antabuse)Dobutamine Dog Bites Dog Bites Hand Dominant R wave in V1 Domperidone Donepezil (Aricept)Donovanosis Dopamine Hydrochloride Dopamine agonists Down's syndrome (Trisomy 21)Doxapram Doxazosin (Cardura)Doxepin Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)Doxycycline Driving Drowning Drug Induced Parkinson disease Drug Reaction Eosinophilia Systemic Symptoms DRESS Drug Template Drug Toxicity - clinical assessment Drug Toxicity with Specific Antidotes Drug induced Lupus Erythematosus Drug induced liver disease Drugs Drugs List Drugs to Avoid in Acute Renal failure Drugs to avoid Elderly Drugs to avoid in Liver failure Dry and Wet Gangrene Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)Duchenne muscular dystrophy Dulaglutide GLP-1 agonist Duloxetine Duodenal Atresia (Children)Dupuytrens contracture Dysentery Dysphagia ECG - Acute Coronary Syndrome ECG - Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction ECG - Atrial fibrillation ECG - Atrial flutter ECG - Basics ECG - Broad complex tachycardia (possible VT)ECG - Brugada syndrome ECG - Causes of a Dominant R wave in V1 ECG - Early Repolarisation vs STEMI ECG - First degree AV Block ECG - Heart Block ECG - Hyperkalaemia ECG - Interpretation ECG - Ischaemic Heart Disease ECG - Left Axis Deviation ECG - Left Bundle Branch Block LBBB ECG - Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ECG - Low Voltage Complexes ECG - Narrow complex tachycardia ECG - Normal appearance ECG - Pathological Q waves ECG - QT interval ECG - Right Axis Deviation ECG - Right Bundle Branch Block RBBB ECG - ST-T T waves changes ECG - Supraventricular tachycardia ECG - The QRS complex ECG - Tutorial from Queens University ECG - Ventricular fibrillation ECG - Ventricular tachycardia ECG - Wolff Parkinson White syndrome (WPW)ECG - short PR interval ECG - sinus pause ECG - tall R wave V1 ENT Exam - Assessing hearing ENT infections Ebola Virus Disease Ebstein anomaly Echinocytes Echocardiogram Ecstasy toxicity Ectopia lentis (subluxation of the lens)Ectopic Pregnancy Ectropion Eculizumab Edoxaban (Lixiana)Edward syndrome (trisomy 18 syndrome)Efavirenz (Sustiva) EFV Ehlers-Danlos syndromes Ehrlichiosis Eikenella corrodens Eisenmenger's syndrome (Children)Elbow fractures and Injuries Electrical injury Eloquent brain Emergency Drugs Emphysema Empty sella syndrome Emtricitabine (Emtriva) FTC Enalapril End of Life Care Prescribing Endocarditis and Stroke Endocrinology Lab values Endometrial (Uterine) Cancer Endometriosis Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography X Endothelins Enfuvirtide Enoxaparin Sodium (Clexane-Lovenox)Enoximone Entacapone Enterococci Enteropathic Spondyloarthritis Enzyme inducers and inhibitors Eosinophilic granulomatosis (Churg Strauss)Ependymoma Epidural Haematoma Epidural abscess Epilepsy - General Management Epilepsy - Idiopathic Generalised Epilepsy Epilepsy - Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy Epilepsy - Post Traumatic Epilepsy in Pregnancy Episcleritis Epistaxis Eplerenone Eponymous brainstem strokes Epstein-Barr Virus infection Equivalent doses of Opiates Erb Palsy Ergocalciferol (Calciferol)Erlotinib (Tarceva)Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Erythema Multiforme Erythema Nodosum Erythrocyte Sedimentation rate (ESR)Erythrocytes Erythrodermic Psoriasis Erythromycin Escherichia coli Escitalopram Esomeprazole Essential Thrombocythaemia (ET)Essential Tremor Etanercept Ethambutol Ethanol Ethanol toxicity Ethylene glycol toxicity Etomidate Etravirine (intelence) ETR Ewing sarcoma Exenatide (Byetta) GLP1 agonist Exercise stress test Exploding head syndrome Extradural haematoma Extrapyramidal symptoms Extrinsic Allergic alveolitis (Hypersensitivity)Eye infections Ezetimibe Fabry disease Facial Nerve Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy Factor V Leiden Deficiency Faecal Calprotectin Fahr syndrome Failure to thrive or Faltering growth Familial Adenomatous polyposis (FAP)Familial Amyloidosis Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF)Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (FHH)Family Tree (Pedigree)Famotidine Fanconi Anaemia Fanconi Syndrome Fat embolism Fatigue - Causes Fatty acids Febrile seizures Felodipine (Dihydropyridine)Femoral Hernia Femoral triangle Femur fractures and Inuries Fentanyl - Fentanil Ferritin Ferrous Fumarate - Gluconate - Sulphate Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Fetal circulation Fever - Pyrexia of unknown origin (FUO PUO)Fever in a traveller Fibrates Fibrinogen Fibromuscular dysplasia Fibromyalgia Fidaxomicin Finasteride (5 alpha-reductase inhibitor)First Seizure Fitz-Hugh Curtis Syndrome Flail Chest Flecainide Acetate Flexor sheath infection (flexor tenosynovitis)Flucloxacillin Fluconazole Flucytosine Fludrocortisone Fluid balances status Flumazenil (Annexate - Romazicon)Fluoxetine Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)Foix-Alajouanine syndrome Folate (Folic) acid Folate deficiency Folinic acid (Leucovorin)Fomepizole Fondaparinux Food borne disease Foscarnet Sodium Fosfomycin Fosphenytoin Foster Kennedy Syndrome Fournier's gangrene Fracture Template Fractured Clavicle Fractured Neck of Femur Fractured Pubic Ramus Fractured Scapula Fractured Shaft Femur Fractured Tibia and Fibula Fractures Shaft Humerus Fractures in Children Fractures of Upper humerus Fragile X syndrome Frailty Fraser guidelines and Gillick Competence Free Radicals Friedreich's Ataxia Frontotemporal dementia Full or Complete Blood Count (FBC CBC)Fungi Furosemide (Frusemide)Fusidic acid Fusobacteria - Tropical ulcer Fusobacterium G protein-coupled receptors GP Emergency Drugs Carried Gabapentin Galactorrhoea Galantamine Gamete intra-fallopian tube transfer (GIFT)Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT)Gamma hydroxy butyrate (GHB) toxicity Ganciclovir - Valganciclovir Gardner syndrome Gardnerella vaginalis Gas Gangrene Gastric (MALT) Lymphoma Gastric Cancer Gastric Outlet obstruction (pyloric stenosis)Gastrinoma Gastro Intestinal Stromal Tumours (GIST)Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux (Adult GORD)Gastro-Oesophgeal Reflux (Paediatrics GORD)Gastroenteritis Gastroenterology Exam Lists Gastroenterology Examination Gastroenterology History Gastroenterology assessment - Jaundice Gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology Gastrointestinal perforation Gastrostomy (PEG) tubes Gaucher's disease Gene components Genetic Diseases Gentamicin Giardiasis Gilbert's syndrome Gingival (Gum) hyperplasia-hypertrophy Gitelman's syndrome Glasgow Blatchford Score Glasgow Coma scale Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone)Glibenclamide Gliclazide Glimepiride Glipizide Globus Pallidus Glomerulonephritis Glossitis Glucagon Glucagonoma Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency Glucose Tolerance Test Glutamate Glycated Haemoglobin Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN)Glycogen storage diseases Glycolysis_Krebs_Electron_Transport_Chain Glycopyrronium Bromide Goitre Golfer's Elbow Golimumab (Simponi)Goodpasture's syndrome (Anti GBM disease)Goserelin (Zoladex)Gradenigo's syndrome Grades of Recommendation Gram Stain Granuloma annulare Granulomatosis with Polyangitis GPA (Wegener)Graves Disease Griseofulvin Growth Hormone Deficiency Guillain Barre Syndrome Gum hypertrophy Guthrie test New Born blood spot Gynaecological History Taking Gynaecomastia HAS-BLED score HIV and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)HIV and Pre-exposure prophylaxis HIV associated nephropathy (HIVAN)HIV disease Assessment HTLV-1 Associated myelopathy Haematemesis Haematology Examination - Splenomegaly Haematology Lab values Haematuria Mild to Severe Haemodialysis Haemoglobins Haemolysis Haemolytic Anaemia Haemolytic Uraemic syndrome Haemolytic disease of the newborn Haemophilia A Haemophilia B Haemophilus aegyptius Haemophilus ducreyi Haemophilus influenzae Haemophilus parainfluenzae Haemopoiesis Haemorrhagic Transformation Haemorrhagic stroke Haemorrhoids (Piles)Hairy Cell Leukaemia Hairy Leukoplakia Hallervorden-Spatz disease (PKAN)Haloperidol Hamman-Rich syndrome Hand foot and mouth disease Hand fractures and Injuries Hantavirus infections Hartmann's solution (Ringer's lactate)Hartnup disease*Hashimoto's (Steroid responsive) Encephalopathy Hashimoto's thyroiditis HbA1c Head (Brain) Injury Head and Neck Cancers Headache - Analgesic overuse Headache - Assessing Acute and Severe Headache - Basilar Migraine Headache - Cluster Headache - Low CSF pressure Headache - Migraine Headache - Tension Headaches - General Hearing aids Heat Stroke Helicobacter pylori Helvetica Spotted fever Hemicraniectomy Henoch-Schonlein purpura Heparin - General Heparin - Low Molecular Weight Heparin Heparin - Unfractionated Heparin Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)Hepatic Encephalopathy Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hepatitis D Hepatitis E Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hepatorenal syndromes Hereditary Elliptocytosis Hereditary Haemochromatosis Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis Hereditary Spherocytosis Hereditary angio-oedema Hereditary neuropathy with pressure palsies Hereditary non polyposis coli (Lynch syndrome)Herpes Gestationis Herpes Simplex Herpes Simplex Encephalitis (HSV)Herpes Viruses Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO) Shingles Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK)Heyde syndrome Hiatus hernia Hiccups (Singultus)High Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Test Hip pain in children Hirschsprung disease (congenital megacolon)Hirsuitism XXX Histones Histoplasmosis Hodgkin Lymphoma Holt-Oram syndrome Holter monitor (tape) 24-72 h Homocystinuria Hookworm Horner's syndrome Hospital acquired Pneumonia (NICE 139)Human albumin solution (HAS)Human prion diseases Humeral fractures and injuries Hunter's syndrome (MPS-2)Huntington Chorea Hurler's syndrome (MPS-1)Hydatid disease (Echinococcus)Hydatidiform mole Hydralazine Hydrocortisone Hydrogen Bonds Hydrops fetalis Hydroxocobalamin Hydroxocobalamin - Cyanocobalamin (B12)Hydroxychloroquine Hydroxyurea-Hydroxycarbamide Hyoscine (Buscopan)Hyper IgM syndrome Hyperbaric Oxygen therapy Hypercalcaemia Hyperglycaemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS)Hyperinsulinaemic-euglycemic therapy (HIET)Hyperkalaemia Hyperkalaemic and Hypokalaemic Periodic Paralysis Hypermagnesaemia Hypernatraemia Hyperphosphataemia (High phosphate)Hyperprolactinaemia Hypersensitivity reactions Hypertension Hypertension in Pregnancy Hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG)Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM - HOCM)Hyperventilation Syndrome Hyperviscosity syndrome Hypocalcaemia Hypoglycaemia Hypogonadism (Female)Hypogonadism (male)Hypokalaemia Hypokalaemic Periodic Paralysis Hypomagnesaemia Hyponatraemia Hypoparathyroidism Hypophosphataemia (Low phosphate)Hypopituitarism (Pituitary Failure)Hypospadias Hypothermia Hypothyroidism Hypovolaemic or Haemorrhagic Shock IL-12 receptor deficiency IV Immunoglobulin Ibandronic acid (Bisphosphonate)Ibuprofen Icatibant Idiopathic Intracranial hypertension Idiopathic Parkinson disease Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis IgA Nephropathy (Berger's disease)Images - Spot diagoses Imatinib mesylate Imipenem (Primaxin) with Cilastin Immune Reconstitution Syndrome Immune(Idiopathic) Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD)Impetigo Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)Impulse control disorders Inclusion Body Myositis Incubation periods Indapamide Indinavir (IND)Infection screening in Septic patient Infections and their Microbial cause Infectious Mononucleosis Infective Conjunctivitis Infective Endocarditis Infertility Infliximab Influenza Inguinal Hernia Initial Trauma Assessment Injury Severity Score (ISS)Insomnia - sleep issues Insulin Insulinoma Interferon Beta Intermittent Claudication Internal Capsule Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia Interpreting Haematinics Interstitial Keratitis Intestinal obstruction (Children)Intra Aortic Balloon Pump Intraabdominal abscess Intracerebral Haemorrhage (ICH) Score Intracranial HypertensionX Intravenous Iron Replacement (Ferrous)Intraventricular haemorrhage (neonates)Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation Intussusception (Adults)Intussusception (Children)Iodine deficiency Goitre Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)Irbesartan Iron Salts Iron deficiency Anaemia Iron toxicity Irritable bowel syndrome Ischaemic Colitis Ischaemic Stroke Ischaemic heart disease Isoniazid Isoprenaline Isosorbide Dinitrate Isosorbide mononitrate Isotretinoin (Accutane)Ispaghula Husk (Fybogel)Ivabradine Jansen Disease Janus kinase 2 Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome Job Syndrome (Hyper IgE syndrome)Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP)Junctional Tachycardia Juvenile Dermatomyositis Juvenile Idiopathic arthritis (Stills Disease)Juvenile Myoclonic epilepsy (JME)Kallmann's syndrome Kaposi sarcoma (KS)Karnofsky performance status scale Kawasaki disease Kennedy Syndrome Keratoconus Kernicterus Ketamine Ketoconazole Klebsiella pneumonia Klinefelter Syndrome (Children)Klumpke palsy Knee fractures and Injuries Koebner phenomenon Kugelberg Welander syndrome Kwashiorkor L-Thyroxine (T4)Labetalol (Trandate)Labyrinthitis - Vestibular Neuronitis Lactate Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)Lactic acidosis Lactobacillus acidophilus Lactose Intolerance Lactulose Lady Windermere syndrome Lambert-Eaton syndrome (LEMS)Lamivudine (3TC)Lamotrigine Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis X Lansoprazole Lanthanum Lateral Medullary Syndrome Laxatives Le Fort Fractures Lead toxicity Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)Leflunomide Legal definition of Blindness Legionella pneumophila Leishmaniasis (Cutaenous and Visceral)Lemierre's syndrome Lenalidomide (Revlimid)Length Dependent Polyneuropathy Lennox-Gastaut syndrome Lenticulostriate branch occlusion Leprosy Leptin Leptospira interrogans Leptospirosis (Weil's Disease) (Notifiable)Leriche syndrome (aortoiliac occlusive disease)Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (Children)Leukaemia Leukaemias in General Leukoariosis Leukocytoclastic vasculitis Leukotrienes Levetiracetam (Keppra)Levodopa Levomepromazine Levosimendan Li Fraumeni syndrome Lichen Planus Liddle's syndrome Lidocaine(Lignocaine)Lightning strike Limb girdle dystrophy Limbic Encephalitis Linagliptin (Trajenta)Linezolid Linkage Liothyronine Sodium L-Triodothyronine (T3)Lipid emulsion therapy - Intralipid Lipid management [NICE 2014]Lipoatrophy Lipoprotein lipase deficiency Liraglutide (Victoza)Lisinopril Listerial Meningitis Listeriosis Lithium Lithium toxicity Livedo Reticularis Liver Anatomy Physiology Liver Biopsy Liver Function Tests Liver Transplantation Liver abscess Liver disease in Pregnancy Localisation of cortical function Lofepramine Long QT syndrome (LQTS) Acquired Long QT syndrome (LQTS) Congenital Long term Oxygen therapy (LTOT)Loop diuretics Looser's zones Loperamide Lopinavir Loratadine Lorazepam Losartan Low Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Test Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding Lugol iodine Lumbar puncture and CSF interpretation Lumbrosacral radiculopathy Lung Abscess Lung Cancer Lung Compliance Lung Empyema Lung Transplant Lupus Nephritis Lupus Vulgaris Lyme disease Lymphocytic Hypophysitis Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)Lyonization Lysosomal storage diseases MCune Albright syndrome MELAS Macrocytic anaemia Macroglossia Magnesium Physiology Magnesium Sulphate - Sulfate Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography Magnetic resonance imaging Major Histocompatibility complex Malabsorption - small intestine Malaria (non falciparum)Malaria Falciparum Male Infertility Male Urethral Catheterisation Male erectile dysfunction Malignant Ascites Malignant Hyperpyrexia (Malignant Hyperthermia)Malignant Hypertension Malignant Melanoma Malignant pleural mesothelioma Mallet Finger Mallory-Weiss Tear Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool Mania Mannitol Mantle cell lymphoma Marantic Endocarditis Marasmus Maraviroc (Celsentri)Marfan syndrome Marginal Zone Lymphoma Massive Haemoptysis Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY)McArdles disease (type V)Measles (notifiable)Mebeverine Meckel's diverticulum Meconium Median Nerve Medical Mnemonics Basic Sciences Medical Mnemonics Cardiology Medical Mnemonics Endocrine Medical Mnemonics Mental Health Medical Mnemonics Miscellaneous Medical Mnemonics Neurology Medical Procedures Medical Teeth Medullary Sponge kidney Medulloblastoma Mefenamic acid Mefloquine (Larium)Megaloblastic anaemia Melatonin Melioidosis Memantine Hydrochloride Membranous Glomerulonephritis Menetrier disease Meniere disease Meningioma Meningitis in the Immunocompromised Menopause Menstrual cycle Mental Capacity Act 2005 Mental Health Act 1983 Mental State Examination Mercaptopurine Meropenem Mesalazine (Aminosalicylate)Mesangiocapillary Glomerulonephritis Mesenteric infarction Metabolic Syndrome X Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Metachromic leucodystrophy Metastatic Adenocarcinoma Metastatic bone disease Metformin Methaemoglobinaemia Methanol Toxicity Methodone Methods to reduce toxin absorption Methotrexate Methylcellulose Methylprednisolone Metoclopramide Metolazone Metoprolol Metronidazole (Flagyl)Metyrapone (Metopirone)Miconazole Microangiopathic Haemolytic anaemia Microcytic anaemia Microscopic Polyangiitis Microscopic colitis Microstomia Midazolam Middle East Resp Syndrome (MERS) Coronavirus Midodrine Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS)Miller-Fisher syndrome Milwaukee shoulder syndrome Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE)Minimal Change Disease Glomerulonephritis Minocycline Minoxidil Mirabegron Mirizzi syndrome Mirtazapine Miscarriage Misoprostol Mitochondrial diseases Mitral Regurgitation (Incompetence)Mitral Stenosis Mitral Stenosis vs Regurgitation - Dominance Mitral Valve prolapse Mittleschmerz Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD)Mobility aids Modified Duke Criteria for Endocarditis Modified Oxford Handicap Scale (MOHS)Modified Rankin Score Molluscum contagiosum Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance Monocular loss of vision Monocytes Monosodium glutamate (MSG) syndrome Montelukast Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA)Moraxella catarrhalis Morphine Sulphate Mosquito borne diseases Motor Neuron Disease (MND-ALS)Moyamoya disease Mucormycosis Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia Multifocal Motor Neuropathy with Conduction block Multiple Antithrombotics Anticoagulants Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1)Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type II (MEN2)Multiple Myeloma Multiple Pregnancy Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Demyelination Multiple System Atrophy (MSA)Mumps (Notifiable)Muscles of the Abdominal Region Muscles of the Back Muscles of the Head and Neck Muscles of the Lower Limb Muscles of the Pelvis and Perineum Muscles of the Thoracic Region Muscles of the Upper limb Myasthenia Gravis Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Mycophenolate mofetil Mycoplasma pneumoniae Mycoplasmas Mycosis Fungoides (Sezary Syndrome)Myelodysplastic syndrome (Myelodysplasia)Myelofibrosis Myelofibrosis vs CML Myelopathy Myeloproliferative disorders Myobacterium avium Complex Infection Myocardial perfusion Myoclonus Myotonic dystrophy - Dystropica myotonica Myxoedema coma N-Acetylcysteine (Parvolex)NEWS Reacting to Low Oxygen Saturations NICE Guidelines Links NICE Trauma Guidance Summary 2016 NSAID toxicity Naloxone (Narcan) Opiate antagonist Naproxen Narcolepsy Nasal polyps Nasogastric tube insertion Natalizumab (Tysabri)National Early Warning Score NEWS 2 Score Neck Pain Neck swellings and lumps Necrotising Enterocolitis (Infants)Necrotising fasciitis Needlestick injury Nefopam Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria meningitidis Nelson Syndrome Neomycin Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome NAS Neonatal Jaundice Neonatal Lupus Erythematosus Neonatal meningitis Neostigmine Nephritic syndrome Nephroblastoma (Wilm's tumour)Nephrotic syndrome Nephrotoxic drugs Nerve conduction studies Nerve fibres Neuroanatomy 101 Neuroanatomy images Neuroblastoma Neurocysticercosis Neuroferrinopathy Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Neurofibromatosis Type 2 Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Neurological - Relative Afferent pupillary defect Neurological - Vision and Eye movements Neurological Examination - Cognition Neurological Examination - Cortical Functions Neurological Examination - Motor Neurological Examination - Sensory Neurological Examination - Speech&Language Neurological Lists Neurological assessment - Ptosis Neurological examination - Eyes Neurological or ENT Examination - Nystagmus Neurology - History taking Neurology Exam - Reflex findings Neuromyelitis optica*Neuropathic Pain Management Neurotransmitters Neutropenia Neutropenic Sepsis Neutrophil Alkaline Phosphatase Neutrophils Nevirapine (Viramune) NEV-NVP Niacin deficiency (Pellagra Vitamin B6)Nicardipine (Cardene)Nicorandil Niemann-Pick disease Nifedipine Nimodipine (Nimotop)Nitric Oxide Nitrofurantoin Nitrous oxide Nizatidine Nocardia Noise induced hearing loss Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease NAFLD Non Convulsive Status Epilepticus Non Hodgkin Lymphoma Non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)Non gonococcal urethritis Non invasive ventilation (NIV)Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)Non sustained Ventricular tachycardia Noonan syndrome Noradrenaline Normal Distribution Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Normal Saline 0.9%Normocytic anaemia Nortriptyline Nosocomial infections Notifiable disease and organisms UK Nutrition in Infants Breatsfeeding Nystatin OSCE - Administer IV Injection OSCE - Blood culture OSCE - Venepuncture OSCE - Venous Cannula Insertion Obsessive-Compulsive disorder Obstetric definitions Obstructive Shock Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Octreotide Oculomotor Nerve (IIIrd Cranial Nerve)Oedema Oesophageal Carcinoma Oesophageal Perforation - Rupture Oesophageal Variceal Bleeding Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy Olanzapine Olfactory Nerve (I)Oligodendroglioma Olmersartan Olsalazine (Aminosalicylate)Omalizumab Omeprazole Onchocerciasis Oncogenic viruses Oncological emergencies Ondansetron One Table Template Ophthalmology Exam Lists Opiate Toxicity Opiates Opicapone Opioid toxicity Optic Neuritis-Neuropathy Optic atrophy Optic tract anatomy Oral Aphthous Ulcers Oral Candidiasis Oral Leukoplakia Orbital vs Preorbital Cellulitis Organism and sensitivities Organophosphate (OP) Poisoning Orphenadrine Orthopaedic infections Orthostatic - Postural hypotension Oscillopsia Oseltamivir - Tamiflu Osteoarthritis Osteogenesis Imperfecta Osteogenic sarcoma (Osteosarcoma)Osteomalacia-Rickets-Vitamin D Osteomyelitis Osteonecrosis of the jaw Osteopetrosis Osteoporosis Otitis Externa (Malignant)Otitis Media Otosclerosis Ottawa rules for ankle and foot x-ray Ovarian Cancer Ovarian Cyst Ovary Oxford community stroke project (Bamford)Oxybutynin (Ditropan)Oxycodone (Oxycontin-Oxynorm)Oxygen delivery devices Oxytetracycline PEDIS Score for Diabetic Foot Ulcers POEMS syndrome Pabrinex Pacemaker DDD Pacemaker VVI Pacemaker syndrome Pacemakers Pacing - Indications for temporary pacing Paediatric emergencies Paediatrics Paget's (Bone) disease Pain Management Painful Shoulder syndromes Palliatiion - Nausea Dyspnoea Secretions Pain Palliation prescribing Palpitations Pamidronate (Bisphosphonate)Pancoast tumour (Cancer)Pancreatic Cancer Panton-Valentine leucocidin toxin Pantoprazole Papilloedema Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)Paracetamol toxicity Paradoxical embolisation Paraneoplastic Encephalitis with NMDA antibodies Paraneoplastic Limbic Encephalitis (Dementia)Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration Paraphimosis Paraquat toxicity Parkinson Plus syndromes Parkinsonism Paronychia Paroxetine Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria Parvovirus (Erythrovirus 19) B19 infection Pasteurella multocida Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)Patent Ductus arteriosus (PDA) (Children)Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO)Pathogen - pattern recognition receptors Pathological bone fracture Pegvisomant Pelvic fractures Pemphigus Vulgaris Penetrating Abdominal Trauma Penetrating Thoracic Trauma Penicillamine Penicillins Penile Cancer Peptic ulcer disease Percutaenous Coronary Intervention (PCI ACS)Pergolide Pericardial Effusion_Tamponade Perimesencephalic Subarachnoid haemorrhage Perindopril Perinephric abscess Perioperative Anticoagulation Peripartum cardiomyopathy Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)Peripheral Cannula Insertion Peripheral Nerve Palsies*Peripheral neuropathy Peripherally inserted central catheters Pernicious anaemia Perthes disease (Osteochondritis of the Hip)Pethidine Peutz-Jeghers syndrome Phaeochromocytoma Phagocytes Pharmacokinetic notes Pharmacokinetics Pharyngeal arch derivatives Phenobarbital sodium Phenoxymethylpenicillin (Penicillin V)Phentolamine Phenylketonuria (PKU)Phenytoin (Dilantin)Philadelphia chromosome Phimosis Phobic disorders Phocomelia and Thalidomide Phosphorus Physiology of vision Picolax - Citrafleet Pilonidal Abscess (sinus)Pioglitazone (Thiazolidinediones)Pituitary Adenoma Pituitary Anatomy and Physiology Pituitary Apoplexy Pityriasis or Tinea versicolor infections Pityriasis rosea Pivmecillinam (a penicillin antibiotic)Placenta praevia Placental abruption Plantar fasciitis Plasmacytoma Plasmapharesis Plasmids Pleural effusion Pleural tap (thoracentesis)Pneumococcal meningititis Pneumoconiosis Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia Pneumonia Pneumothorax Poisons eliminated Haemodialysis - perfusion Poliomyelitis Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)Polyarticular arthritis Polycystic Ovary syndrome Polycythaemia Vera (primary polycythaemia)Polymerase chain reaction Polymorphic light eruption Polymyalgia Rheumatica Polymyositis Polypharmacy Start Criteria Polypharmacy Stop Criteria Polyuria Pontine-Midbrain haemorrhage Porphyria Cutanea Tarda (PCT)Porphyria Testing Portal Hypertension Positron Emission Tomography Post Menopausal Bleeding Post Operative Management Post Partum Thyroiditis Post Polio Syndrome Post Splenectomy Post Streptococcal/Infectious Glomerulonephritis Post Stroke Epilepsy (PSE)Post traumatic stress disorder Post-exposure prophylaxis with Immunoglobulins Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES Posterior circulation Postpartum haemorrhage Potassium Physiology Pralidoxime Pramipexole (Mirapexin)Prasugrel Pravastatin Praxbind - Idarucizumab Praziquantel Prazosin Pre-Operative Assessment PreEclampsia, Eclapsmia and HELLP Prednisolone Prednisone Pregabalin Premature Labour Premature Menopause Presbyacusis Prescribing Information Prescribing in Pregnancy Pressure sores Prevotella (Bacteroides) melaninogenica Priapism Primaquine Primary (Chronic simple) Open angle Glaucoma Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Primary CNS Lymphoma Primary Hyperparathyroidism Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Primary ciliary dyskinesia Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome)Primary progressive aphasia (Dementia)Probenicid Prochlorperazine (Stemetil)Procyclidine Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)Prolactinoma Propafenone Propantheline Propionibacterium Propofol Propranolol Propylthiouracil Prostate cancer Prosthetic Valves Protamine Sulfate Protein C Deficiency Protein S Deficiency Protein losing enteropathy Protein p53 Protein synthesis Proteus Prothrombin 20210A mutation Prothrombin Complex Concentrates (PCC)Prothrombin time and Coagulation Prothrombotic disorders Proton Pump Inhibitors Proximal myopathy Prucalopride Psammoma bodies Pseudohypoparathyroidism Pseudomonas infection (Pseudomonas aeruginosa)Psoas Abscess Psoriasis Psoriatic arthritis Psychogenic Polydipsia Pubic Lice (Pediculosis Pubis)Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis Pulmonary Arteriovenous malformation Pulmonary Embolism Pulmonary Eosinophilia and CXR changes Pulmonary Hypertension Pulmonary Hypertension - Primary Pulmonary Regurgitation Pulmonary Stenosis Pulmonary hypertension - Secondary Pulse oximetry Putamen Putaminal Haemorrhage Pyloric stenosis (Children)Pyoderma gangrenosum Pyonephrosis Pyrazinamide Pyridostigmine Pyruvate Kinase deficiency Quetiapine Quinine Quinine toxicity Rabies Radial Pulse Radial nerve Radiation exposure Radioactive iodine (I 131)Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation Radius and Ulna fractures and Injuries Raloxifene Raltegravir Ramipril Ramsay Hunt syndrome Ranitidine Ranolazine Rapid sequence intubation (RSI)Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis Rasagiline Rasburicase Raynaud's Phenomenon Reactive arthritis Rectal Prolapse Red cell aplasia Red eye Refeeding syndrome Referring to Level 2 or 3 care (ITU ICU HDU)Refractive Errors Refsum's disease Relapsing polychondritis Remdesvir (Veklury)Renal Artery Stenosis Renal Papillary Necrosis Renal Physiology I Renal Stones (Nephrolithiasis)Renal Transplantation Renal Tubular Acidosis Renal Vein Thrombosis Renal cell carcinoma Renal physiology Renin and Aldosterone Renin ratio (ARR)Renin-angiotensin system Respiratory (Chest) infections and pneumonia Respiratory - History Taking Respiratory Acidosis Respiratory Alkalosis Respiratory Anatomy and Physiology Respiratory Disease Investigations Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Neonates)Respiratory Examination Respiratory Examination - Finger Clubbing Respiratory Failure (hypoxia-hypercarbia)Resting membrane potential Restless legs syndrome Restriction enzymes Restrictive Cardiomyopathy Resuscitation - Adult Bradycardia Algorithm Resuscitation - Adult Tachycardia Algorithm Resuscitation - Advanced Life Support Resuscitation - Basic Life Support ABCDE Resuscitation - Choking Algorithm Resuscitation - Post Resuscitation Algorithm Reteplase Reticulocytes Retinal detachment Retinitis pigmentosa Retinoblastoma Retinoids Retroperitoneal fibrosis Rett Syndrome Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome Reye syndrome Rhesus haemolytic disease Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatology Autoantibodies Rheumatology Lab values Rhodococcus equi Ribavirin Ricin Toxicity Rickettsia (General Principles)Rickettsia africae (Tick Bite Fever)Rickettsia akari Rickettsia conorii (Tick Bite Fever)Rickettsia prowazekii Rickettsia rickettsii Rickettsia tsutsugamushi Rickettsia typhi Rifampicin (Rifabutin Rifampin)Rifaximin Rilipivirine (Edurant) RVP Riluzole (Rilutek)Risedronate (Bisphosphonate)Risperidone Ritonavir (Norvir) RTV Rituximab (Mabthera)Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)Rivastigmine (Exelon)Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Rocuronium Rotigotine Rubella (German Measles) Notifiable SCL70 Antibody SMASH U Intracerebral Haemorrhage Classification SOCRATES mnemonic ST segment changes Sacubitril with Valsartan Salivary Gland Disease Salivary glands Salmonella enterica Salmonella typhi Saquinivir (Invirase) SQV Sarcoidosis Saxagliptin (Onglyza)Scabies Scarlet Fever (Scarlatina)Schistosomiasis Schizophrenia Schmidt's syndrome Sciatica Seborrheic Dermatitis Secondary Brain Tumours Secondary Messengers Secondary dysmenorrhoea Secondary hyperparathyroidism Sedation and Analgesia on ITU Selective IgA deficiency Selective Serotonin reuptake Inhibitor toxicity Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)Selegiline Selenium deficiency Senna Septic Shock and Sepsis 3 Septic arthritis Septicaemia Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies Serotonin syndrome Serratia Sevelamer Severe combined immunodeficiency disorders Sex Linked Recessive Sheehan's syndrome Shigella characteristics Shigellosis (Bacillary Dysentery)Shock (General Assessment)Short Synacthen test (SST)Short and Tall stature Growth in Children Shoulder dislocations Sick Euthyroid Syndrome Sickle Cell Disease Sideroblastic Anaemia Sigmoid Volvulus Sildenafil (Viagra)Silicosis Silver Trauma - Age over 65 Simvastatin Sinus Bradycardia Sinus Node disease Sinus Tachycardia Sitagliptin Sitosterolemia Sjogren's syndrome Skin and soft tissue infections Skull Anatomy Sleep physiology Slipped Upper Femoral Epiphysis (SUFE)Small Bowel Ischaemia Small Bowel Obstruction Small vessel disease Smallpox Smoking Snake Bites Sneddon Syndrome Sodium Bicarbonate Sodium Nitroprusside Sodium Physiology Sodium Picosulfate Sodium Thiopental - Sodium Thiopentone Sodium Valproate (Epilim Depakote)Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate (Lokelma)Soft tissue injuries (sprains, strains)Solifenacin Solitary Pulmonary Nodule Sotalol Hydrochloride Spetzler-Martin Grading of AVM Spina Bifida Spinal Cord Anatomy Spinal Cord Arteriovenous Malformations Spinal Cord Compression Spinal Cord Haematoma Spinal Cord Infarction Spinal Stenosis Spirometry Spironolactone Spleen Splenic Rupture Spondylolisthesis Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Spontaneous intracranial hypotension Squamous Cell Carcinoma St John's Wort Staphylococcal Infections Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus saprophyticus Statin Status Epilepticus (Epilepsy)Stavudine (Zerit) d4T Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Stiff Person Syndrome Strabismus (Lazy Eye)Streptobacillus moniliformis Streptococci - anaerobes Streptococcus Streptococcus agalactiae Streptococcus milleri Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus viridans Streptokinase Streptomycin Stridor Stroke - Arterial Occlusion and clinical correlate Stroke - Epidemiology and risk factors Stroke - General Management Stroke - Imaging Stroke ASPECTS scoring Stroke Collaterals Stroke Risk Factors Stroke Thrombolysis Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm)Strontium Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis Subacute Thyroiditis Subarachnoid Haemorrhage Subclavian Steal Syndrome Subclavian vein thrombosis Subdural haematoma Sucralfate Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD)Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)Suicide Sulfasalazine - Sulphasalazine Sulphonamide (Sulphamethoxazole)Sumatriptan Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA) Syndrome Superior Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis Superior vena caval obstruction syndrome Supracondylar Femur Fractures Supracondylar Humerus Fractures Supraspinatus tendonitis Supraventricular Tachycardia Surgical Cricothyroidotomy Surgical prophylaxis Surgical site infection Susac syndrome Suxamethonium Sydenham's chorea Synchronised DC Cardioversion Syncope Syndrome X (Cardiology)Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH) secretion Syndromes with Severe Cognitive Issues Syphilis Syringobulbia Syringomyelia Systemic Amyloidosis Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)Systemic Mastocytosis Systemic Sclerosis T cells TIMI score TMN Staging tumours TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome TORCH infections TURP Hyponatraemia syndrome Tabes dorsalis Tacrolimus Tafamidis Takayasu arteritis (pulseless disease)Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Tamoxifen Tamsulosin (Flomax)Tanner Stages of Pubertal Development Tardive Dyskinesias Tay-Sachs disease Tazocin (Tazobactam - Piperacillin)Teicoplanin Telomeres Temazepam Temozolomide (Temodal)Template X Template two columns list Temporal (Giant Cell GCA) Arteritis Tenecteplase Tennis Elbow Tensilon test Tension Pneumothorax Terbutaline Teriparatide Terlipressin Tertiary hyperparathyroidism Testicular Cancer Testicular torsion Testing Tetrabenazine Tetracosactide (Synacthen)Tetracyclines Tetralogy of Fallot (Children)Thalamic Haemorrhage Thalamic Pain Syndrome Thalamic Stroke Syndrome Thalidomide Theophylline Theophylline toxicity Thiamine Third Degree (complete) Heart Block Thoracic Trauma Thoracic anatomy Thoracic outlet syndrome Thrombocytosis Thrombolysis Thrombophilia testing Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)Thyroglossal Cyst (Children)Thyroid Cancer Thyroid Function Tests and antbodies Thyroid Gland Thyroid Storm - Thyrotoxic crisis Thyroid Surgery (Thyroidectomy)Thyroid nodule Thyrotoxicosis and Hyperthyroidism Tiagabine Tibia and Fibula fractures and Injuries Ticagrelor Tick Paralysis Timolol Tinea capitis Tinidazole Tinzaparin (Innohep)Tiotropium (Spiriva)Titre - Titer Tocilizumab Tolbutamide Tolcapone Tolosa Hunt Syndrome Tolterodine Tolvaptan Tongue tie - ankyloglossia (Children)Topiramate (Topamax)Torsades de pointes (Polymorphic VT)Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)Toxic Megacolon Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxoplasmosis Tramadol Tranexamic Acid Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI)Transfer factor (TLCO)Transfusion ten commandments Transient Global Amnesia (TGA)Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA)Transient Monocular Blindness (TMB)Transoesophageal Echocardiography (TOE-TEE)Transplant and organ rejection Transposition of the great arteries (Children)Transverse myelitis Trastuzumab (Herceptin)Traumatic Spinal Injury Travellers Diarrhoea Trazodone Treponema Triangles of the neck Trichinellosis Tricuspid Atresia (Children)Tricuspid Regurgitation Tricuspid Stenosis Tricyclic Antidepressant Toxicity Tricyclic antidepressants Trigeminal Nerve Trigeminal neuralgia Trihexyphenidyl (benzhexol)Trimethoprim Trinucleotide (triplet) repeats Trochlear Nerve Tropheryma whipplei (Whipple disease)Tropical Sprue Truncus Arteriosus (Children)Tuberculosis Tuberculous Meningitis Tuberous sclerosis Tularaemia Tumour Lysis Syndrome Tumour markers Turcot's syndrome (Brain tumor polyposis syndrome)Turner's syndrome (Children)Two list Table template Typhoid - Paratyphoid fever (Enteric Fever)Tyrosine Kinase receptors US vs UK Drug names Ubiquitin Ulcerative Colitis Ulnar nerve Ultrasound - Echo basics Undifferentiated Inflammatory Arthritis (Children)Unexplained symptoms Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed (GI Bleed)Upper-Lower Motor Neurone signs Urea and Electrolytes Urethral syndome Urinary Catheterisation Urinary Incontinence (Stress and Urge)Urinary Tract Infection (UTI Children)Urinary Tract Infections Urinary Tract Obstruction Urinary UTI Antibiotic guidance Urine Analysis Urothelial tumours Urticaria Uterus VIPomas VTE DVT PE in Pregnancy Vaginal Carcinoma Valaciclovir Valsartan Vancomycin Variable rate intravenous insulin infusion VRIII Variant (Prinzmetal) Angina Varicella-Zoster (Chickenpox Shingles) Infection Variegate Porphyria Vascular Dementia Vasculitis - General Issues and Classification Vasopressin (AVP) Antidiuretic hormone Vasovagal syncope Vaughan-Williams Classification Vecuronium Vedolizumab (Entyvio)Venlafaxine Venous Insufficiency and Leg Ulcers Venous access Venflons and Central lines Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP)Ventricular Fibrillation Ventricular Septal defect (VSD) (Children)Ventricular Tachycardia Ventricular ectopic beats Verapamil Vertebral artery dissection Vertigo Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) (Children)Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vibrio vulnificus Vibrio vulnificus Vigabatrin (Sabril)Vinblastine Vincristine Viral Meningitis Viral associated cancers Viruses Visual acuity Vitamin A deficiency (Children)Vitamin B1 Thiamine deficiency Vitamin B12 deficiency Vitamin B12 excess Vitamin C deficiency (Scurvy)Vitamin D (1,25 OH2)Vitamin D (25 OH D)Vitamin D deficiency Vitamin D resistant rickets (Children)Vitamin K (Phytomenadione)Vitamin K deficiency Vitiligo Voltarol (Diclofenac)Von Gierke Disease (Children)Von Hippel Lindau Von Willebrand Disease Waardenburg's syndrome (Children)Wagner Classification Diabetic foot ulcers Waldenstrom Macroglobulinaemia (WM)Wallerian Degeneration Warfarin Warfarin and Bleeding Water Physiology Watershed Infarcts Werdnig Hoffman Disease (Children)Wernicke Korsakoff Syndrome White Blood Cells - Leukocytes Williams Syndrome (Children)Wilson disease Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (Children)Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome (WPW)Wolfram syndrome (DIDMOAD)Wound healing X linked Agammaglobulinaemia (Bruton)X linked Hypophosphataemic rickets X-linked Ichthyosis X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (Children)Xeroderma pigmentosum Yellow Fever Yellow Nail Syndrome Yersinia enterocolitica Yersinia pestis - Bubonic Plague Yersinia pseudotuberculosis ZZAAA ZZ_Abnormal char Zabramski Classification of Cavernomas Zidovudine (Retrovir) AZT - ZDV Zieve's syndrome Zika virus Zinc deficiency Zoledronic acid Zollinger Ellison syndrome Zolpidem Zopiclone eGFR

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Understand Themes: Be able to track how ideas like power or conflict develop.
Compare Texts Smartly: Use both similarities and differences with balanced evidence.
Analyse Language and Structure: Go beyond ‘what’ to explain ‘how’ and ‘why’.
Practise Timed Essays: Get used to planning and writing within exam time.

🧪 GCSE English Literature – Jekyll and Hyde

Overview: Robert Louis Stevenson’s novella explores the duality of human nature through the respectable Dr Jekyll and his alter ego, the violent Mr Hyde.
Structure: The narrative unfolds through a mystery format, combining third-person narration, letters, and confessions to build suspense and reveal the truth.
Key Characters: Dr Henry Jekyll (dual identity, repressed morality), Mr Edward Hyde (primal evil), Mr Utterson (rational lawyer), and Dr Lanyon (scientific foil).
Important Themes: Duality of man, reputation and secrecy, science vs. religion, and the Victorian struggle with morality and repression.
Notable Quotes:
- “Man is not truly one, but truly two.” – Jekyll’s confession of inner conflict.
- “I learned to recognise the thorough and primitive duality of man.” – on the fundamental split in human nature.
- “The moment I choose, I can be rid of Mr Hyde.” – false confidence in control over evil.
- “Something displeasing, something downright detestable” – Utterson’s first impression of Hyde.
- “The fog still slept on the wing above the drowned city” – Gothic atmosphere and concealment.
- “I bring the life of that unhappy Henry Jekyll to an end.” – the tragic conclusion and moral failure.
Context: Published in 1886, the novel reflects Victorian anxieties about respectability, science (Darwinism), and the subconscious mind. It’s also part of the Gothic tradition.
Exam Tips: Analyse the symbolism of settings (e.g. Soho, Jekyll’s house). Discuss how Stevenson presents the struggle between societal expectations and inner desires.

🎄 GCSE English Literature – A Christmas Carol

Overview: Charles Dickens’ novella explores redemption, compassion, and social injustice through the transformation of Ebenezer Scrooge from miser to benefactor.
Structure: The story is split into five staves (like musical verses), representing a journey through time and personal change.
Key Characters: Scrooge, Bob Cratchit, Tiny Tim, Fred, Jacob Marley, and the three Ghosts (Past, Present, Yet to Come).
Important Themes: Poverty and inequality ("Are there no prisons?"), redemption ("I am not the man I was"), family and kindness ("God bless us, every one!").
Notable Quotes:
- “Solitary as an oyster” – Scrooge’s isolation.
- “Decrease the surplus population” – Scrooge's initial inhumanity.
- “I wear the chain I forged in life” – Marley’s warning about moral responsibility.
- “This boy is Ignorance. This girl is Want.” – Allegory of society’s neglect.
- “Spirit! Show me no more!” – Scrooge’s growing emotional awareness.
- “He became as good a friend, as good a master, and as good a man.” – Resolution and transformation.
Context: Written in 1843 amidst rising concerns over industrial-era poverty. Dickens wanted to influence public attitudes towards the poor and encourage social reform.
Exam Tips: Link Scrooge’s change to the impact of each ghost. Explore how Dickens uses contrast (e.g. warmth of Cratchits vs. cold of Scrooge’s home).

🕵️ GCSE English Literature – An Inspector Calls

Overview: J.B. Priestley’s play critiques social responsibility, class division, and hypocrisy through the visit of Inspector Goole to the Birling family.
Structure: The play’s three acts unfold in real time, increasing tension as each character’s link to Eva Smith is exposed.
Key Characters: Arthur Birling (capitalist, self-interest), Sybil Birling (prejudice), Sheila Birling (guilt, growth), Eric Birling (youth, regret), Gerald Croft (privilege), Inspector Goole (moral voice).
Important Themes: Responsibility (“We are members of one body”), generational conflict, gender roles, and social justice.
Notable Quotes:
- “The Titanic – unsinkable, absolutely unsinkable” – dramatic irony undermining Birling’s confidence.
- “We don’t live alone. We are members of one body” – Inspector’s message of collective responsibility.
- “Girls of that class” – Sybil Birling’s class prejudice.
- “Each of you helped to kill her” – Goole’s blunt summary of shared guilt.
- “Why shouldn’t they try for higher wages?” – Eric challenging his father’s capitalist view.
- “It frightens me the way you talk” – Sheila’s rejection of her parents’ attitudes.
Context: Written in 1945 but set in 1912, the play reflects post-war values. Priestley warns against the selfishness of the Edwardian upper classes.
Exam Tips: Analyse the Inspector’s role as a dramatic device. Track how Sheila and Eric change. Explore Priestley’s use of irony, tension, and stage directions.

🏝️ GCSE English Literature – Lord of the Flies

Overview: William Golding’s allegorical novel explores human nature, civilisation, and savagery through a group of boys stranded on a deserted island.
Structure: The novel begins with order and innocence and descends into chaos and brutality, mirroring the breakdown of society.
Key Characters: Ralph (order and democracy), Jack (violence and dictatorship), Piggy (logic and intellect), Simon (spiritual goodness), and Roger (sadism).
Important Themes: Civilisation vs. savagery, the loss of innocence, fear as a tool of control, and the inherent darkness in humanity.
Notable Quotes:
- “Maybe there is a beast... maybe it's only us.” – Simon’s insight into human evil.
- “The conch exploded into a thousand white fragments.” – Symbolic collapse of order.
- “Ralph wept for the end of innocence.” – The emotional cost of their experience.
- “Kill the beast! Cut his throat! Spill his blood!” – The chant showing descent into savagery.
- “The rules! You're breaking the rules!” – Ralph’s struggle to preserve order.
- “Roger sharpened a stick at both ends.” – The chilling symbol of premeditated violence.
Context: Written in 1954, post-WWII, Golding drew from real-world conflict and his naval experience. The novel critiques idealistic views of innate human goodness.
Exam Tips: Track the symbols (conch, fire, beast, Piggy’s glasses). Compare how different boys respond to power, fear, and freedom.

🌾 GCSE English Literature – Of Mice and Men

Overview: John Steinbeck’s novella explores friendship, dreams, loneliness, and marginalisation during the Great Depression, focusing on two migrant workers, George and Lennie.
Structure: The novella is cyclical — it begins and ends in the same setting. Each chapter presents a different location and introduces or develops key themes.
Key Characters: George (protective, realistic), Lennie (mentally disabled, physically strong), Candy (aged and isolated), Curley (aggressive), Curley’s wife (lonely and nameless), Crooks (marginalised), Slim (respected).
Important Themes: The American Dream, isolation, prejudice (based on race, gender, age, and disability), friendship, violence, and fate.
Notable Quotes:
- “Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world.” – George highlighting isolation.
- “A guy needs somebody — to be near him.” – Crooks on the pain of loneliness.
- “Tell me about the rabbits, George.” – Lennie’s dream and simplicity.
- “I seen hunderds of men come by on the road... an’ never a god damn one of ‘em ever gets it.” – Candy on the futility of the American Dream.
- “I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it ain’t even funny.” – Curley’s wife to Crooks, showing racial power imbalance.
- “You hadda, George. I swear you hadda.” – Slim’s reassurance at the novel’s tragic end.
Context: Written in 1937, during the Great Depression. Steinbeck draws on his own experience of migrant labour and critiques the American Dream and social injustices of the time.
Exam Tips: Track how Steinbeck presents power and powerlessness. Focus on how setting and dialogue reveal character and theme. Always link back to historical context.

🗡️ GCSE English Literature – Macbeth

Overview: Shakespeare's tragedy charts Macbeth’s descent from honourable warrior to tyrannical murderer, driven by ambition and manipulation.
Structure: The play is in five acts, moving from prophecy and hope to paranoia, guilt, and downfall. Supernatural elements frame the plot.
Key Characters: Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, Banquo, King Duncan, Macduff, Malcolm, and the Three Witches.
Important Themes: Ambition ("vaulting ambition"), guilt ("Will all great Neptune’s ocean wash this blood clean from my hand?"), fate vs. free will, and the corrupting power of unchecked ambition.
Notable Quotes:
- “Fair is foul and foul is fair” – the witches’ paradox, setting the tone of deception.
- “Look like the innocent flower but be the serpent under't” – Lady Macbeth’s cunning advice.
- “Is this a dagger which I see before me” – Macbeth’s hallucination and inner turmoil.
- “Out, damned spot!” – Lady Macbeth’s guilt and descent into madness.
- “Life’s but a walking shadow” – Macbeth's reflection on the futility of life.
- “Macbeth shall never vanquished be until Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill shall come” – misleading prophecy.
Context: Written for King James I, the play reflects Jacobean interest in witchcraft, kingship, and the divine right of kings. Regicide was a shocking concept.
Exam Tips: Discuss how Macbeth and Lady Macbeth change across the play. Always link character, theme, language, and context in your answers.

💘 GCSE English Literature – Romeo and Juliet

Overview: Shakespeare’s tragic love story explores the destructive power of love, fate, and feuding families in Verona.
Structure: A five-act tragedy that begins with romance and ends in death. The prologue acts as a spoiler and highlights the role of fate.
Key Characters: Romeo (impulsive lover), Juliet (determined and brave), Mercutio (witty, provocative), Tybalt (aggressive), the Nurse (comic and loyal), Friar Lawrence (well-meaning but flawed).
Important Themes: Love vs. hate, fate and destiny, youth and impulsiveness, honour and family duty, individual vs. society.
Notable Quotes:
- “A pair of star-cross’d lovers take their life” – Prologue emphasising fate.
- “O Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo?” – Juliet questioning identity and name.
- “My only love sprung from my only hate!” – Juliet’s internal conflict.
- “These violent delights have violent ends” – Friar Lawrence foreshadowing tragedy.
- “A plague o’ both your houses!” – Mercutio’s curse and criticism of the feud.
- “Thus with a kiss I die.” – Romeo’s tragic farewell.
Context: Written in the late 1500s, the play reflects Elizabethan values on family honour, marriage, and fate. Audiences would recognise the dangers of impulsive actions.
Exam Tips: Analyse how Shakespeare uses contrasts (love/hate, youth/age). Consider how stagecraft (e.g. timing, dramatic irony) creates tension. Always link themes and character arcs to the tragic structure.

🐖 GCSE English Literature – Animal Farm

Overview: George Orwell’s allegorical novella uses a farm animal rebellion to critique totalitarianism, specifically Stalinist Russia.
Structure: A chronological narrative following the animals’ rebellion, rise of the pigs, and eventual corruption of power.
Key Characters: Napoleon (Stalin figure, authoritarian), Snowball (Trotsky figure, idealist), Boxer (proletariat, loyal worker), Squealer (propaganda), Old Major (Marx/Lenin), Benjamin (cynic), Mr Jones (Tsar).
Important Themes: Power and corruption, propaganda, inequality, betrayal of ideals, and the cyclical nature of oppression.
Notable Quotes:
- “All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.” – hypocrisy and manipulation.
- “Four legs good, two legs bad.” – simplified propaganda.
- “I will work harder.” – Boxer’s blind loyalty.
- “Napoleon is always right.” – unquestioning obedience.
- “The creatures outside looked from pig to man... it was impossible to say which was which.” – full circle of tyranny.
- “The pigs did not actually work, but directed and supervised the others.” – social hierarchy.
Context: Written in 1945, Orwell’s novel reflects disillusionment with the Soviet regime and warns against how revolutionary ideals can be corrupted by those in power.
Exam Tips: Track how Orwell uses allegory and irony. Analyse Squealer’s persuasive language. Compare Napoleon’s rise to other leaders in literature or history.

📚 GCSE English Literature – Poetry

Know the Anthology Inside Out: Revise each poem in your cluster (e.g. Power & Conflict or Love & Relationships) – know its themes, tone, structure, and key quotes.
Learn Comparative Techniques: You’ll need to compare poems in the exam – practise linking poems by theme (e.g. conflict, nature, identity) and by language or structure.
Key Terminology: Be confident using terms like enjambment, caesura, alliteration, metaphor, simile, juxtaposition, and personification accurately in analysis.
Plan Before You Write: For comparison questions, quickly list the themes and devices of both poems in a plan. It improves structure and helps you stay focused.
Use a PEEDL Approach: Make a Point, give Evidence, Explain, mention the Device, and Link to context or effect. Repeat this to build strong analytical paragraphs.
Memorise Key Quotes: Short, versatile lines from each poem help you back up your ideas under timed conditions. Annotate your anthology early.
Understand Context: Know the poet's background and historical context – especially for poems involving war, class, relationships, or identity.
Structure Your Answer Well: Introduction – main theme and both poets’ viewpoints. Main body – 3–4 comparisons. Conclusion – overview of similarities/differences and effectiveness.
Use Juicy Comparisons: e.g. “Both poets explore conflict, but while Owen shows the horror of war in ‘Exposure’, Hughes presents its personal cost in ‘Bayonet Charge’.”
Practice Makes Perfect: Regularly write timed comparisons using past paper questions and get feedback if possible.

⚔️ GCSE English Literature – Power and Conflict Poetry

Overview: This cluster explores how power (political, military, psychological) and conflict (war, internal struggles, memory) affect people and societies.
Key Poems and Focus:
- Ozymandias – Power is temporary; “Look on my Works, ye Mighty, and despair!” is ironic.
- London – Blake’s critique of social injustice: “mind-forg’d manacles.”
- My Last Duchess – Power and control in relationships: “I gave commands; Then all smiles stopped together.”
- The Charge of the Light Brigade – Honour and obedience: “Theirs not to reason why, / Theirs but to do and die.”
- Exposure – Nature as the enemy in war: “But nothing happens.”
- Storm on the Island – Power of nature and fear: “We are bombarded by the empty air.”
- Bayonet Charge – Panic and disconnection: “In what cold clockwork of the stars and the nations.”
- Remains – PTSD and guilt: “His bloody life in my bloody hands.”
- Poppies – Maternal grief and memory: “The world overflowing like a treasure chest.”
- War Photographer – Contrast between conflict zones and Western life: “The reader’s eyeballs prick with tears.”
- Tissue – Fragility of human power: “Paper that lets the light shine through.”
- The Emigrée – Loss of homeland and identity: “It may be sick with tyrants, but I am branded by an impression of sunlight.”
- Kamikaze – Conflict between duty and family: “he must have wondered which had been the better way to die.”
- Checking Out Me History – Reclaiming identity: “I carving out me identity.”
Common Themes: Power of nature (Storm on the Island, Tissue), war’s impact (Bayonet Charge, Remains), pride and loss (Ozymandias, Kamikaze), memory and trauma (Poppies, War Photographer).
Comparison Skills: Be ready to compare structure, language, and viewpoint. E.g., Compare how war is presented in ‘Exposure’ and ‘Bayonet Charge’.
Exam Tips: Learn 2–3 quotes per poem. Use precise terminology (enjambment, caesura, metaphor). Plan comparisons clearly and structure your essay with balance.

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